2004研究生入学考试考英语真题解析

Section I Listening Comprehension

Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.

Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

Now look at Part A in your test booklet.

Part A

Directions:
For questions 1 - 5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)

Geography of Belgium

Three main regions coastal plain
central plateau
1
Highest altitude of the coastal plain m 2
Climate near the sea humid
3
Particularly rainy months of the years April
4
Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13 ℃
High ℃ 5

听力原文
Belgium has three main geographic regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends inlands 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a lowlying area consisting mainly of sandy hills and sections of lands reclaimed from the sea. The coastal plain’s elevation ranges from sea level to 20 metres.
The central plateau is a gently rolling, slightly elevated area, irrigated by many waterways and containing a number of wide, fertile valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, averaging 460 metres in elevation, extends across southeastern Belgium and into northeastern France. Located here is the highest peak in Belgium with an elevation of 694 meters.
The climate near the sea is humid and mild. Farther inland, a marked increase in the range of temperature occurs. In the highlands, hot summers alternate with cold winters. Heavy rains are confined almost exclusively to the highlands. Fog and rain are common, and April and November are particularly rainy months. In Brussels, the average temperatures range from zero to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and from 13 to 22 degrees Centigrade in July. Along the coast, the average range is 1 degree to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and 14 to 20 degrees Centigrade in July.

解题指导：
预览指导语及表格，以便对录音材料的内容大概了解，同时也是为了有针对性地听录音，捕捉每个空格的答案信息。接着，将目光盯着第一题，听磁带中的信息点填空。做完第一题，接着就盯着第二题，以此类推。磁带放第二遍的时候，查疑补漏，核实答案。曾微老师在其听力讲座及讲义中专门介绍了关于地形的听法，如果认真练习，此题应拿满分。

1. [答案] highlands
[分析] 原词答案，参看原文第一句。
2. [答案] 20
[分析] 原词答案，参看原文第四句。
3. [答案] mild
[分析] 原词答案，参看原文第八句。主要是练习大家原音的变音情况可能有的同学写成了Wild，MILL，都是不给分的，这些都是在复习当中，没有区别的能力
4. [答案] November
[分析] 原词答案，参看原文第十二句。
5. [答案] 22
[分析] 原词答案，参考原文第十三句，Twenty-2也可以，这个在分数上是不会扣分的。

Part B

Directions:
For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)

What is Saffo according to himself? 6

The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and 7

The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is 8

To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and 9

What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team? 10

听力原文：
W: Mr Saffo, you’ve been called the futurist. But you say you hate that term. Talk about that.
M: mm... I dislike the term because it’s not an accurate description of what I do. For me, futurists are people who’re excited about the future. They usually have an agenda of some sort. But what I am is something more boring. That is, I just forecast, I don’t predict. I am a technology forecaster. And I spend most of my time looking at electronic technologies. So I’m looking at information technology very largely, and typically out 5 to 10 years, sometimes as long as 30 years, depending on the project.
W: Who pays you to do this? Do you work for companies who need this information.
M: The Institute for the Future is a non-profit foundation that does work for private companies and government agencies. A whole variety of different folks pay us to help them understand things. And we also do free work. Being a non-profit foundation, our basic mission is to encourage people to think systematically about the long-range future. The heart of what we try to do is convince people that it is a meaningful exercise to think systematically about the long-range future.
W: What are the personal qualities that make you good at what you do?
M: mm, curiosity, er what else? Being flexible. Because forecasting is really nothing more than applied common sense. The same qualities that make for a good forecaster are the same qualities that … make one successful in anything?being flexible, being curious and being open to change.
W: You’ve mentioned that your organization wants to stay small. Why?
M: It has to do with community. Our unit of work is the team and you need to have high levels of trust and cooperation among team members. People need to really like and trust each other.

解题指导：
预览指导语及五个问题，考生对录音材料初步了解。接着将目光落在第六题上，等候信息点。注意，问题或题干就象路标，往往就是磁带中答案信息点的标志，考生要非常敏感。
本节做题时，考生要注意答案表达的规范性，在语法形式和意思上都得与问题或题干相一致。
6. [答案] A (technology) forecaster
[分析] 原词答案，参看M的第一轮话语的第六句。因为是在句子的开头，所以A
必须是大写。用三个词两个词都可以。

7. [答案] government agencies
[分析] 原词答案，参看M的第二轮话语的第一句。
8. [答案] (a) meaningful (exercise)
[分析] 原词答案，参看M的第二轮话语的末句。
9. [答案] open to change
[分析] 原词答案，参看M的第三轮话语的末句。
10. [答案] Trust and cooperation
[分析] 原词答案，参看M的第四轮话语的第二句。在问题的时候，虽然不在一起，但是答题的时候需要总结

Part C

Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.

11. What do we often do with the things we love?

[A] Ask for their names.

[B] Name babies after them.

[C] Put down their names.

[D] Choose names for them.

12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if

[A] the family tree is fairly limited.

[B] the family tie is strong enough.

[C] the name is commonly used.

[D] nobody in the family complains.

13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will

[A] show the beauty of its own.

[B] develop more associations.

[C] lose the original meaning.

[D] help form the baby’s personality.

Questions 14 - 16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16.

14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?

[A] 90.

[B] 108.

[C] 180.

[D] 668.

15. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made

[A] England’s footballer of the year.

[B] a soccer coach in West Germany.

[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship.

[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire.

16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was

[A] editing Sunday Sport.

[B] working for Capital Radio.

[C] managing professional soccer teams.

[D] developing a sports marketing company.

Questions 17 - 20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.

17. Belfast has long been famous for its

[A] oil refinery.

[B] linen textiles.

[C] food products.

[D] deepwater port.

18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?

[A] Soap.

[B] Grain.

[C] Steel.

[D] Tobacco.

19. When was Belfast founded?

[A] In 1177.

[B] In 1315.

[C] In the 16th century.

[D] In the 17th century.

20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?

[A] French refugees arrived.

[B] The harbor was destroyed.

[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.

[D] The city was taken by the English.

You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.

听力原文
Passage 1
One of the first questions anybody asks about a new-born is “what is the baby’s name?” Faced with this tiny pink new-born, we want to put a name to it, as if by doing so, we welcome it to this world of individuals. We always name the things we love. A small child will give names to even his tiniest toys or his well-chewed blanket. And the difference between “Blankie” and the blanket is an entire personality.
There are many ways to choose a name for a baby. One of the most common is to use an old family name. If the family tie is strong enough, parents are often willing to overlook an unpleasant feeling or meaning. If all the men for five generations have been named Branden, who are you to complain that the name means “smelly hair”? Inspiration need not be limited to the family tree. Pick an attribute, pick the name of an Italian city where the baby was born. Name the baby after your favorite poet or interesting scent.
It can be difficult to find a perfect name for your baby. But the beauty of the process is this. By the time the baby is a few months old, his personality erases all other associations the name may hold, the evil snake or the much loved poet fades away and the name becomes quite simply the name of your child. And you will have made the right choice.

Passage 2
Bobby Moore was a famous English soccer player who led the England team to victory against West Germany in the 1966 World Cup Final. As a superb defender, Moore played a hundred and eight games for England’s national team from 1962 to 1970 and was captain 90 times. His professional soccer career spans 19 years and 668 matches, a record with no match so far in England. Moore was born in Barking, East London, in 1941. His full name was Robert Frederick Moore. He began playing club soccer in the early 1960s. He was named England’s footballer of the year from 1963 to 1964. Moore was known for his sportsmanship on the field. He was not inclined towards wild celebration of girls. In 1967, he was made a member of the order of the British Empire. More retired from playing in 1977, and after spending brief periods managing professional soccer teams, he concentrated on developing a sports marketing company and doing media work. He was sports editor of Sunday Sport from 1986 to 1990 and a regular commentator for London’s Capital Radio Station from 1990 to 1993. After Moore was diagnosed with cancer, he went public with his battle in 1991 and continued to work until his death in 1993.

Passage 3
Belfast is the capital of Northern Island and a major city in commerce and industry. It is one of the most important ship-building and repairing centers of the United Kingdom, and has long been known for its linen textiles. Its manufactures include aircraft, guided weapons, and tobacco and food products. A large petroleum refinery here is supplied by imported petroleum which is received at the city’s deep-water port. Other imports include grain, coal, chemicals and iron and steel. Among the chief exports are petroleum products, soap, food stuffs and textiles. In Belfast, there are the notable Ulster Museum and the Protestant Cathedral of Saint Anne. As an educational center, the city is home to Queen’s University of Belfast and Belfast College of Technology. Although there’s evidence that people once settled in this place during the stone and bronze Ages, the founding of Belfast dates from 1177 when a Norman castle was erected. Edward Bruce destroyed the settlement in 1315, the year he became the Irish King. The city was taken by the English in the 16th century. In the late 17th century, French refugees arrived here and developed the linen industry. The harbor was improved in the late 18th century and ship-building was begun on a large scale. The city was made the capital of Northern Island 1920. During World War II, Belfast was heavily damaged by German bombing raids. Beginning in 1969, the city was the scene of religious disorder involving civil rights agitation and increased violence.

解题指导：
预览指导语和问题，从而了解录音材料的大概内容，做题时就更有针对性，更有把握。一旦选定答案，就不再犯疑，立即看下道题。涉及到自己熟悉的背景的录音材料时，不妨利用自己的知识常识，结合上下题和选项，猜猜可能的答案。
11. [答案] [D]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，依据原文第三句。
12. [答案] [B]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，依据原文第八句。
13. [答案] [C]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，依据原文末尾部分“By the time the baby is a few months old, his personality erases all other associations the name may hold”可知，答案为C。
14. [答案] [D]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第三句。
15. [答案] [A]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第七句。
16. [答案] [C]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第11句。
17. [答案] [B]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第二句。
18. [答案] [A]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第六句。注意问题问的是“chiefly export”。
19. [答案] [A]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第九句。
20. [答案] [C]
[分析] 这是一道细节题，参看原文第13句。

Section II Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21.[A] acting
[B] relying
[C] centering
[D] cementing

22.[A] before
[B] unless
[C] until
[D] because

23. [A] interactions
[B] assimilation
[C] cooperation
[D] consultation

24. [A] return
[B] reply
[C] reference
[D] response

25. [A] or
[B] but rather
[C] but
[D] or else

26.[A] considering
[B] ignoring
[C] highlighting
[D] discarding

27. [A] on
[B] in
[C] for
[D] with

28. [A] immune
[B] resistant
[C] sensitive
[D] subject

29. [A] affect
[B] reduce
[C] chock
[D] reflect

30. [A] point
[B] lead
[C] come
[D] amount

31. [A] in general
[B] on average
[C] by contrast
[D] at length

32. [A] case
[B] short
[C] turn
[D] essence

33. [A] survived
[B] noticed
[C] undertaken
[D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily
[B] consequently
[C] similarly
[D] simultaneously

35. [A] than
[B] that
[C] which
[D] as

36. [A] system
[B] structure
[C] concept
[D] heritage

37. [A] assessable
[B] identifiable
[C] negligible
[D] incredible

38. [A] expense
[B] restriction
[C] allocation
[D] availability

39. [A] incidence
[B] awareness
[C] exposure
[D] popularity

40. [A] provided
[B] since
[C] although
[D] supposing

21. [答案] [C]
[解析] 本题涉及动词短语知识。C. centering on意为“以…为中心/重点”，符合句意，且与上文呼应，为正确答案。A. acting on意为“按照…行事”；B. relying on 意为“依靠”；D. commenting on 意为“对…进行评论”。
22. [答案] [D]
[解析] 本题涉及上下句的句义理解。答案为D. because，引导由or连接着的两个原因状语从句。
23. [答案] [A]
[解析] 本题考查考生的词汇知识。A. interaction(互动)符合句义，应为正确答案。B. assimilation(同化，吸收)；C. cooperation(合作)；D. consultation(咨询)。
24. [答案] [D]
[解析] 本题涉及词语搭配知识。跟空格前后介词in/to可以搭配，且符合句意的选项为D。该短语意为“答复，反应，回应”。
25. [答案] [A]
[解析] 本题考查考生对上下句句义的理解。空格后as引导的为原因状语，与in response to引导的原因状语并列，都是“孩子们犯罪”的原因，故答案为A。
26. [答案] [B]
[解析] 本题涉及词汇知识。B. ignoring意为“忽视，不顾”带入后，上下句语义连贯，为正确答案。C. highlighting意为“强调，突出”；D. discarding意为“抛弃”。
27. [答案] [C]
[解析] 本题涉及介词短语知识。C. for lack of意为“由于缺少…”，符合句意，为正确答案。
28. [答案] [D]
[解析] 本题涉及形容词短语知识。D. be subject to意为“受…支配；遭受…影响”，符合句意，为正确答案。A. be immune to 意为“不易受…影响”。B. be resistant to 意为“对…有抵制力”。
29. [答案] [A]
[解析] 本题涉及一般的词汇知识。A. affect意为“影响”，符合句意，为正确答案。
30. [答案] [B]
[解析] 本题涉及动词短语知识。B. lead to 意为“导致”，符合句义，为正确答案。A. point to意为“指向”；D. amount to 意为“总数达到…”。
31. [答案] [A]
[解析] 本题涉及介词短语知识。A. in general 意为“一般来说”，为正确答案。B. on average 意为“平均而言”；C. by contrast意为“相反”；D. at length意为“终于；详尽地”。
32. [答案] [C]
[解析] 本题同样涉及介词短语知识。C. in turn 意为“依次，接着”，为正确答案。A. in case意为“以防，万一”；B. in short意为“总而言之”；D. in essence意为“本质上”。
33. [答案] [D]
[解析] 本题涉及词汇知识。D. experienced(经历)符合句义，为正确答案。C. undertaken意为“承担，答应”。
34. [答案] [B]
[解析] 本题考查一般词汇知识。B. consequently(因此)符合句义，为正确答案。A. contrarily意为“相反”；D. simultaneously(同时)。
35. [答案] [A]
[解析] 本题涉及比较状语从句的知识。原句认为，现代家庭中的家长对孩子的管教比传统家庭中的管教要少，故此，A. than为正确答案。该从句常用省略形式，空格后省略了that which。
36. [答案] [B]
[解析] 本题涉及上下文的准确理解。由于上文讲述现代家庭组成的变化，那么对应的当然是传统家庭的组成结构，故答案为B. structure。A. system意为“制度”，与上下文不太对应。
37. [答案] [B]
[解析] 本题涉及词汇知识。B. identifiable意为“可以识别的”，为正确答案。A. assessable意为“可以评估的”；C. negligible意为“可以忽略的”；D. incredible意为“难以置信的”。
38. [答案] [D]
[解析] 本题涉及词汇知识。D. availability意为“可以提供，可以找到”，符合句义，为答案。B. “限定”；C. “分配”。
39. [答案] [A]
[解析] 本题涉及词汇知识。A. incidence意为“发生率”，符合句意，为正确答案。
40. [答案] [C]
[解析] 本题涉及上下句逻辑的把握能力。C. although代人后，语义连贯，应为正确答案。

Section III Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your mowers on ANSWER SNEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.

41. How did Redmon find his job?

[A] By searching openings in a job database.
[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
[C] By using a special service of a database.
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.

42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?

[A] Lack of counseling.
[B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency.
[D] Fewer successful matches.

43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means

[A] advisory.
[B] compensation.
[C] interaction.
[D] reminder.

44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?

[A] To focus on better job matches.
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages.
[D] To increase the rate of success.

45. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.

分析：
这是一篇议论文，主要讨论网站推出的一种叫“个人搜索工具”的功能项目对求职者的帮助作用。
第一段以雷德曼为例，引入文章话题“个人搜索工具”。
第二段指出这种工具的弊病。
第三段讨论这种工具的真正价值。
第四段指出这种工具设计者的隐藏着的意图。
第五段指出该工具对其他人的价值。

参考译文：
甘特.