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动词的时态（3）
7 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时)
正在发生的事情。常用的时间的动作：（right）now, at the（this）moment,
at present,
Robert is teaching at this moment。
Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。
I'm looking for my umbrella right now.
He's enjoying a holiday right now.
We are waiting for you.
b.
习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。常用的时间副词：these
days, Nowadays, today, this semester/quarter, this week/month/year.
He's relaxing this week.
He's working as a librarian this semester.
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever
等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。对一类经常发生的事情所表达的强烈情感。
He's always complaining.（他怎么总是抱怨。）
You're always dancing.（你怎么总是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。）
You are always changing your mind.
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost,
haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D.
前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
** 不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh,
measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember,
want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.
8 过去进行时
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）
过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last
evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and
hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D.
read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为
"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall
sick。
**区别一般过去时和过去进行时:
a.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。
My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.
My neighbor's dog was barking at 3:00 this morning.
b.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。
与之常用的时间副词:while, as ,
Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car.
As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing.
9 将来进行时
1)
概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I'll be
having a talk with her.
2）常用的时间状语
Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days,
tomorrow evening
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
** 一般现在时代替将来时
时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if,
in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the
year, immediately
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in
Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。
典型例题
(1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.
答案B.
在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He
said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B.
此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
(2)
表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。
The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
**区别一般过去时和过去将来时:
二者的区别在于过去将来时表示在过去打算做,但是没有做的动作.而一般过去时表示为什么没有做的原因。
I was going to become a rock star but I didn't know the right people in the music business.
** 一般现在时代替过去时
1 )"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。
The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。
2) 叙述往事，使其生动。
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
** 一般现在时代替完成时
1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since
…"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
** 一般现在时代替进行时
1) 句型：Here comes… ； There goes…
Look, here comes Mr. Li.
** 现在进行时代替将来时
1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。
Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?
We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。
2〕 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。
He is dying.
** 区别过去进行时和过去完成进行时
二者经常混用,其最主要区别在于过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时间"以前"正在所发生或持续的动作.而过去进行时表示在过去某一时间的"前后" 正在发生或持续的动作。
He had been doing a good job for us until he got a job offer from another company. (He stopped doing a good job for us.)
He was doing a good job for us when another company offered him a job. (Perhaps he stopped - or perhaps he continued.
He took their offer because we hadn't been paying him so well.
He took their offer because we weren't paying him very well. (His wage then was not high enough)
** 区别过去完成进行时和过去完成时:
二者的区别在于过去完成进行时不能同某一确定的数量或次数连在一起,而过去完成时能够连在一起。
过去完成进行时--He said he had been losing a lot of weight.
过去完成时--He said he had lost 20 ponds.
** 区别一般现在时和一般将来时:
一般现在时在时间和条件从句当中表示刑事处分将来时的动作。
As soon as I save enough money I'll buy a big house.
When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York.
If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip.
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